Ikiganiro ku Ikoranabuhanga n'isoko ry'itara ry'uburobyi (1)

Ikiganiro ku Ikoranabuhanga n'isoko ryaitara ryo kuroba

1, tekinoroji yumucyo wibinyabuzima

Umucyo wibinyabuzima bivuga imirasire yumucyo igira ingaruka kumikurire, iterambere, imyororokere, imyitwarire na morfologiya yibinyabuzima.

Mu gusubiza imirasire yumucyo, hagomba kubaho reseptor zakira imirasire yumucyo, kurugero, reseptor yumucyo wibimera ni chlorophyll, naho urumuri rwamafi ni selile igaragara imbere yijisho ryamafi.

Uburebure bwumurongo wibinyabuzima byitabira urumuri ni hagati ya 280-800nm, cyane cyane uburebure bwumurambararo wa 400-760nm nigice kinini cyumurambararo, kandi ubusobanuro bwurugero rwumuraba bugenwa nigisubizo cyimyitwarire ya fotorepteptor yibinyabuzima muburyo bwumuraba. urumuri rw'imirasire.

Bitandukanye na bioluminescence, bioluminescence nimirasire yumucyo ikoreshwa mubinyabuzima mumatsinda runaka nisi yo hanze hamwe nigisubizo kibatera imbaraga.
Ubushakashatsi bwa biooptical spectroscopy nisesengura ryinshi ryikangura nigisubizo cyibinyabuzima bifotora byifashishwa nuburebure bwumuraba hamwe na morphologie.

Tera amatara,Amatara yo kuroba icyatsi, amatara yubuvuzi, amatara yubwiza, amatara yo kurwanya udukoko, n’amatara y’amafi (harimo ubworozi bw’amafi n’ubworozi bw’amatungo) byose ni ahantu h’ubushakashatsi bushingiye ku ikoranabuhanga ryerekanwa, kandi hariho uburyo bw’ibanze bw’ubushakashatsi.

Imirasire yumucyo isobanurwa mubice bitatu bifatika:

1) Radiometrie, niyo shingiro ryokwiga kumirasire ya electromagnetique yose, irashobora kuba igipimo cyibanze cyubwoko bwose bwubushakashatsi.

2) Photometrie na colorimetry, ikoreshwa mubikorwa byabantu no gupima urumuri rwubuzima.

3) Photonics, nicyo gipimo nyacyo cyo gupima kwantumucyo kumucyo wakira, yizwe kuva kurwego rwa micro.

Birashobora kugaragara ko isoko imwe yumucyo ishobora kugaragarira mubipimo bitandukanye byumubiri, ukurikije imiterere ya reseptor biologique nintego yubushakashatsi.

Imirasire y'izuba niyo shingiro ryubushakashatsi bwikoranabuhanga rya tekinoroji, isoko yumucyo wububiko nigitekerezo cyo gukora neza no kumenya neza ibiri mubushakashatsi bwikoranabuhanga;Ni ubuhe buryo bugaragara ibinyabuzima bitandukanye bikoresha mu gusesengura imyitwarire isubiza imirasire yumucyo niyo shingiro ryubushakashatsi no kubishyira mu bikorwa.

1, ibibazo nyamukuru bigomba gukemurwa

Ikibazo cyibipimo byibipimo byimirasire ya optique:

Kumurika ubushyuhe bwamabara nuburyo bwo kwerekana amabara nuburyo bwa tekinoroji bushingiye ku ikoranabuhanga ryerekanwa, luminous flux, ubukana bwurumuri, kumurika ibi bipimo bitatu ni ugupima ingufu zumucyo urumuri, gutanga amabara ni igipimo cyo gukemura amashusho yatewe nibice byerekana, ubushyuhe bwamabara ni gupima ihumure ryibonekeje ryatewe nuburyo bugaragara, ibi bipimo mubyukuri ni uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza ibipimo byerekana urumuri.

Ibi bipimo byakozwe niyerekwa ryabantu, ariko ntabwo bipima amashusho y amafi, kurugero, icyerekezo cyiza V (λ) gifite agaciro ka 365nm kiri hafi ya zeru, mubwimbitse bwamazi yo mumazi yinyanja agaciro Lx izaba zeru, ariko ingirabuzimafatizo z'amafi ziracyakira kuri ubu burebure, agaciro k'ibipimo bya zeru byo gusesengura ntabwo ari siyansi, kumurika agaciro zeru ntibisobanura ko ingufu z'imirasire y'umucyo ari zeru, Ahubwo, nk'igice cyo gupima, iyo hakoreshejwe izindi ntera , imbaraga z'imirasire yumucyo muriki gihe zirashobora kugaragara.

Itara rimurika ribarwa nigikorwa cyo kureba cyamaso yumuntu kugirango acire urubanza imikorere yaicyuma halide squid itara, iki kibazo gisa nacyo cyabayeho mu itara ryibihingwa byambere, none itara ryibimera rikoresha gupima kwantumucyo.

Ibinyabuzima byose bifite ibikorwa biboneka bifite ubwoko bubiri bwamafoto ya Photoreceptor selile, selile yinkingi na selile cone, kandi ni nako bimeze kumafi.Ikwirakwizwa ryinshi nubunini bwubwoko bubiri bwingirabuzimafatizo bugena imyitwarire yumucyo wamafi, kandi ingano yingufu za fotone yinjira mumaso y amafi igena Phototaxis nziza na Phototaxis nziza.

Kumurika ryabantu, hari ubwoko bubiri bwimikorere yibikorwa mumibare ya luminous flux kubara, aribyo, imikorere yicyerekezo cyiza nibikorwa byijimye.Iyerekwa ryijimye nigisubizo cyumucyo cyatewe ningirabuzimafatizo zerekanwe, mugihe iyerekwa ryiza nigisubizo cyumucyo uterwa na cone iyerekwa na selile.Iyerekwa ryijimye rihindukirira icyerekezo hamwe ningufu za fotone nyinshi, kandi agaciro keza k'urumuri niyerekwa ryijimye ritandukana gusa na 5nm yumuraba.Ariko urumuri rwo hejuru rwerekezo rwijimye rwikubye inshuro 2,44 iyerekwa ryiza

Gukomeza… ..