A. Yakakamurwa nekushanda kwemvura nzvimbo (nzvimbo yegungwa)
1. Kuredza hombe pamusoro pemvura yemukati menyika (nzizi, madziva nemadhamu)
Inland water fishing (Inland water fishing) zvinoreva kubata hove hombe pamusoro pemvura munzizi, madhamu nemadhamu.Nekuda kwehupamhi hwepamusoro pemvura, kudzika kwemvura kunowanzo kudzika.Semuyenzaniso, Yangtze Rwizi, Pearl River, Heilongjiang, Taihu Lake, Dongting Lake, Poyang Lake, Qinghai Lake, uye hombe reservoirs (yekuchengetedza simba 10 × Kupfuura 107m3), yepakati-saizi reservoir (yekuchengetera simba 1.00) × 107 ~ 107 ~ 10 × 107m3), nezvimwewo. Mazhinji emvura idzi mapoka ehove echisikigo kana dzimwe mhuka dzehupfumi dzemumvura, dzakapfuma muhove dzehove.Nekuda kwekuti mamiriro ekunze ekunze ezvakatipoteredza emvura idzi akasiyana, uye zviwanikwa zvekuredza zvakasiyana, midziyo yavo yekuredza uye nzira dzekuredza zvakare dzakasiyana.Magiya ekuredzesa anowanzoshandiswa anosanganisira mambure egill, trawl uye mambure ekuzvuzvurudza, kunyanya kumadziva makuru uye epakati nepakati.Nekuda kwekuoma kwenzvimbo uye chimiro chevhu, vamwe vane hudzamu hwemvura hunodarika 100m, uye vamwe vanotora nzira yekubata hove yakasanganiswa yekuvharisa, kutyaira, kubaya nekutambanudza, pamwe nemhete hombe yeSeine net, trawl inoyangarara uye mvura inoshanduka. trawl.Munguva yechando muInner Mongolia, Heilongjiang nedzimwe nzvimbo, zvinobatsirawo kukweva mambure pasi peaizi.Zvino vamwe vabati vehove vatanga kushandisa.2000w simbi halide hove marambimugungwa kuti ubate masardines usiku
B. Kuredza kwemahombekombe
Kuredza kwemahombekombe, kunozivikanwawo sekubata hove mumvura yemahombekombe, zvinoreva kuredza kwemhuka dzemumvura kubva munzvimbo yepakati pemvura kuenda kumvura isina kudzika ine mvura yakadzika 40m.Iyi nzvimbo yegungwa haingori nzvimbo yekuberekesa uye yakakora yehove huru dzehupfumi, shrimp uye crab, asiwo inzvimbo yakakura yepakati pemvura.Nzvimbo dzokuraura dzomumhenderekedzo yegungwa dzagara dziri nzvimbo huru yokuraura yeChina mugungwa.Yakabatsira zvikuru mukusimudzira kugadzirwa kwehove dzemugungwa dzeChina.Panguva imwe cheteyo, ndiyowo nzvimbo yakaoma zvikuru yokuredza kubata nayo.Zvishandiso zvayo zvikuru zvekuraura zvinosanganisira gill net, purse seine net, trawl, ground net, open net, mambure kuverenga, cover, trap, hove tackle, rake munzwa, cage poto, nezvimwewo. dzinenge dzese nhumbi dzokuraurisa uye nzira dzekushandisa dzine.Munguva yakapfuura, mukugadzirwa kwemwaka mikuru yehove muChina, nhamba huru yezvigadzirwa zvemumvura zvemumvura zvaigadzirwa munzvimbo iyi yemvura, kunyanya hove dzemambure akavhurika, hove dzemacage pot uye hove dzemateya mumhenderekedzo yegungwa uye kumahombekombe, uye nhamba huru. yehove dzehupfumi, shrimp nemakonye adzo zvakabatwa mumvura isina kudzika;Madiki uye epakati nepakati-pazasi trawls, furemu trawls, truss trawls, bottom gill net uye mamwe magiya ekuredza kubata masumbu ehove dzepasi nema shrimp munzvimbo yegungwa;Raking minzwa inobata shellfish uye hozhwa munzvimbo yegungwa, uye vakawana goho guru.Nekuda kwekudyara kukuru kwezvikepe zvehove nemidziyo yekuredza, kubata hove kwakakurisa uye manejimendi nedziviriro hazvina kukwana, izvo zvinokonzeresa kuwanda kwezviwanikwa zvehove zvemahombekombe nekunze kwemahombekombe, kunyanya zviwanikwa zvehove zviri pasi, zvichikonzera kudzikira kwehove. zviwanikwa.Maitiro ekugadzirisa huwandu hwemabasa akasiyana-siyana ekubata hove, kusimbisa matanho ekuchengetedza zviwanikwa zvehove uye kugadzirisa chimiro chehove ichava basa rekutanga renzvimbo yemvura.
C. Kuredza kunze kwemahombekombe
Inshore fishing zvinoreva kubata hove mumvura mukati meiyo bathymetric range ye40 ~ 100m.Iyi nzvimbo yemvura inzvimbo yekutama, yekudyisa uye yekugara yechando yehove huru dzehupfumi uye shrimp, uye zvakare yakapfuma mune zvehove.Nzira huru dzekubata hove dzinoti bottom trawl, light induced Purse Seine, drift gill net, kuredza kwetambo refu, nezvimwewo. Nemhaka yekuti iri kure nemahombekombe, kuwanda kwezviwanikwa zvehove kwakadzikira pane izvo zviri pedyo negungwa.Panguva imwecheteyo, mabasa ekuredza ane zvinodiwa zvakakwirira zvezvikepe zvekuredza nemidziyo yekuredza.Naizvozvo, kune ngarava shomanene dzokuredza uye nhumbi dzokuredza dziri mumabasa okuredza kupfuura idzo dziri pedyo negungwa.Zvisinei, nekuderera kwezviwanikwa zvekuredza mumvura dzemahombekombe, simba rekubata hove rakanyanya munzvimbo iyi yegungwa mumakore achangopfuura.Saizvozvo, nekuda kwekuwanda kwekuredza hove, zviwanikwa zvekuredza mugungwa zvadzikirawo.Nokudaro, haigoni kuregererwa kuwedzera kugadzirisa maitiro ekubata hove, kunyatsogadzirisa uye kusimbisa matanho ekuchengetedza munzvimbo yegungwa kuti igare yakasimba.Naizvozvo, nhamba yezviedza zvekuredza usikuyakaiswa pazvikepe zvekuredzesa kunze kwenyika inogumira kunosvika zana nemakumi maviri.
D. Kuredza kunze kwemahombekombe
Offshore hove inoreva kugadzirwa kwezvikara zvemumvura munzvimbo yakadzika yegungwa nekudzika kwe100m isobath, sekuredza mumvura kubva kuEast China Sea neSouth China Sea.Mackerel, SCAD, ginseng nedzimwe hove dzepelagic mugungwa kubva kuEast China Sea, uye hove dzepasi dzakaita sehove dzestonehead, cephalopods, short tailed bigeye snapper, square headed hove, Paralichthys olivaceus uye shirikadzi zvichiri kugadzirwa.Zviwanikwa zvehove kunze kweSouth China Sea zvakapfuma, uye hove huru yepelagic ihove mackerel, xiulei, Zhuying hove, Indian double fin Shao, muviri wepamusoro kana SCAD, nezvimwewo;Hove huru dzepasi ndeyeyellow snapper, flank soft fish, goldfish, bigeye snapper, etc. Oceanic fish dzinosanganisira tuna, bonito, swordfish, blue marlin (inowanzozivikanwa seblack skin swordfish uye black marlin).Uye zvakare, shark, petals, reef hove, cephalopods uye crustaceans inogona kuvandudzwa uye kushandiswa.Nzira huru dzekushanda dzinosanganisira bottom trawl, gill net, Dragline fishing, etc. Nemhaka yokuti mvura yemhiri kwegungwa iri kure nemhenderekedzo yegungwa, zvinodiwa pangarava dzehove, midziyo yekuredza uye midziyo yakawanda, mari yekubata hove yakakura, uye zvinobuda uye kukosha kwekubuda hakusi kukuru.Nokudaro, inorambidza zvakananga kuvandudzwa kwebhizimisi rehove.Zvisinei, tichifunga nezvezvido zvenguva refu zvekuchengetedza kodzero nezvido zvemugungwa zveChina, tinofanira kusimudzira kubata hove mumvura dziri kunze kwemahombekombe, kushandisa zvizere zviwanikwa zvekuredzesa mugungwa, kuderedza kudzvanyirirwa kwezviwanikwa zvehove mumvura yemumhenderekedzo yegungwa neyemhiri kwegungwa, uye kupa tsigiro yemitemo uye kukurudzira kuwedzera kwekuredza kunze kwenyika.
F. Pelagic hove
Kuredza kure, kunozivikanwawo se pelagic fishing, kunoreva zviitiko zvekugadzira zvekuunganidza uye kubata mhuka dzehupfumi dzemumvura mugungwa kure kure nenyika yeChina kana mumvura iri pasi pehutongi hwedzimwe nyika.Kune pfungwa mbiri dze pelagic hove: kutanga, kubata hove mumvura ye pelagic 200 N mamaira kubva kumahombekombe eChina, kusanganisira kubata hove munzvimbo yakadzika-gungwa uye makungwa nepamusoro pemvura yakadzika kupfuura 200m;Imwe iri kuredza mumvura dzemumhenderekedzo yegungwa nemumahombekombe edzimwe nyika kana matunhu ari kure nenyika yavo, kana kuredza kwemugungwa.Sezvo hove ye transoceanic pelagic inoitwa mumahombekombe uye mumvura yemahombekombe edzimwe nyika nematunhu, mukuwedzera kusaina zvibvumirano zvehove navo uye kubhadhara mutero wehove kana mari yekushandisa zviwanikwa, zvikepe zvidiki zvekuredza uye midziyo yekuredza uye midziyo inogona kushandiswa kubata hove. .Mabasa makuru ekuredza anosanganisira single bottom trawl, double bottom trawl, tuna longline fishing, light induced squid fishing, etc. Basa rekubata hove muSouth Asia nedzimwe nzvimbo dzemugungwa dzinobata hove.Kuredza kwemunyanza nekuredza kwakadzika-gungwa kunoda midziyo yekuredza yakashongedzerwa uye nhumbi dzekuredza dzinoenderana dzinogona kumira nemhepo ine simba nemasaisai uye kufamba daro refu.Zviwanikwa zvekuredza munzvimbo idzi dzegungwa zvinosiyana munzvimbo nenzvimbo, uye midziyo yekuredza inoshandiswa yakasiyanawo;Nzira dzekubata hove dzinosanganisira hove dze tuna longline, hombe dzepakati nepakati netrawl, tuna purse seine, light induced squid fishing, zvichingodaro. Semuenzaniso, chikepe chekuChina chePollock middle-level trawl fishing kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero nepakati peNorth Pacific, uye kuredza squid kwakareruka ndekwekwaimbova kuredza kwepelagic.Tichifunga nezvemamiriro ezvinhu aripo uye maitiro ekusimudzira eChina Pelagic Fisheries, mitemo inotsigira inofanirwa kugamuchirwa yePelagic Fisheries mune ramangwana.
G. Polar hove
Polar hove, inozivikanwawo sepolar hove, inoreva zviitiko zvekugadzira zvekuunganidza uye kubata mhuka dzehupfumi dzemumvura muAntarctic kana Arctic mvura.Parizvino, mhando chete dzinoshandiswa uye dzinoshandiswa muAntarctic hove zviwanikwa iAntarctic krill (Euphausia superba), Antarctic cod (Notothenia coriicepas) nehove dzesirivha (pleurogramma antarcticum) Hove dzeAntarctic krill dzakakura.Parizvino, kubata hove nekusimudzirwa kweAntarctic krill kuChina kuchiri padanho rekutanga, iine huwandu hwekuredza hwematani 10000-30000 uye nzvimbo yekushanda inosvika 60 ° s mumvura yakatenderedza Malvinas Islands (Falkland Islands).Simba rechikepe chehove makilowatts akawanda, ane michina yekugadzirisa;Iyo yekuvhiya maitiro ndeyepakati-mwero kudhonza kamwe;Chimiro cheAntarctic krill trawl net inonyanya kuita 4-chidimbu kana 6-Piece chimiro.Musiyano mukuru kubva kune yechinyakare yepakati-level trawl mambure ndewekuti mesh saizi yebhegi remambure uye mesh yemusoro webhegi inoda kuve idiki kudzivirira krill kutiza kubva mumambure.Iyo yediki mesh saizi i20mm, uye kureba kwemambure kunowanzo kupfuura 100m.Kana uchishanda mumvura isina kudzika iri pasi pe200m, kumhanya kwekudonha kwemambure i0.3m/s, uye kumhanya kwetrawl ndeye (2.5 ± 0.5) kn.
H. Recreational hove
Kuredza hove, kunozivikanwawo sehove dzekuvaraidza, dzinozivikanwawo se "recreational fisheries", zvinoreva chero mhando yezviitwa zvekuredza nechinangwa chekutandara, varaidzo uye mitambo yemvura.Kazhinji, kunonyanya kubata hove uye kubata hove nemaoko.Dzimwe hove dziri kumahombekombe, uye dzimwe hove pamayati anokosha.Rudzi urwu rwehove idiki, iro rinowanzoitwa kumahombekombe, madziva kana madhamu, asi kune zvakare kushambira uye kubata hove mugungwa riri kure.Pashure pokunge vasvitsa zvinodikanwa zvinokosha zvoupenyu hwezuva nezuva zvakadai sezvipfeko, zvokudya, pokugara nechifambiso, vanhu vanowanzoronda zvinhu zvakakwirira zvikurusa uye mufarwa womudzimu.MuUnited States, kubata hove kwazova indasitiri huru uye kunoita basa rinokosha muupfumi hwenyika noupenyu hwevanhu.Kuredza hove kuri kusimukirawo mune dzimwe nzvimbo muChina.
2. Nekushandisa hove uye nzira yekubata hove inoshandiswa
Zvichienderana nemidziyo yekuredza uye nzira dzekubata hove dzinoshandiswa, kune hove dzemagill net, hove dzepurse seine, trawl fishing, ground net fishing, open net fishing, net copying fish, covering net, kubata mambure, kuvaka net net. kuraura hove, hove dzemafoil, hove dzetambo refu, kuredza mumakeji, kuredza kwechiedza, nezvimwewo. Nzira dzayo dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuredza nezvinoreva zvichatsanangurwa zvakadzama muzvitsauko zvinoenderana nebhuku rino.
3. Maererano nehuwandu hwemidziyo yekubata hove inoshandiswa, zvinhu zvekuredza uye maitiro ekushanda
Zvinoenderana nenhamba yengarava dzehove dzinoshandiswa, zvinhu zvekuraura uye maitiro ekushanda, kune imwe boat trawl, double boat trawl, floating trawl, bottom trawl, middle trawl uye variable water layer trawl.Kuiswa kwe1000w simbi halide hove chiedza chikepe chimwe chete Seine hove, kuiswa kwe4000w simbi halide hove rambimulti-boat Seine hove, chiedza induction Seine hove (kuiswa kwe LED hove chiedza);Kuredza hove refu (uchishandisa marambi ehove echikepe uyemarambi ehove ari pasi pemvura), nezvimwewo.
Chinyorwa ichi chakatorwa kubva mudzidziso yakajairika yegiya rehove muYellow Sea uye Bohai Sea nzvimbo.
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-12-2022