4, kurengera ibidukikije no kuzigama ingufu nimbaraga zo gutwara
LED itaraIsoko ry’isoko riterwa no kurengera ibidukikije n’ibiciro by’uburobyi, hamwe n’inkunga itangwa n’amafaranga y’amafi y’abarobyi yagabanutse uko umwaka utashye, urumuri rutanga urumuri rutanga ingufu zo kubungabunga ibidukikije ndetse no gushushanya ubuziranenge bw’urumuri LED ni ibyiza by’amatara y’amafi ya LED, amafi ya LED isoko ryamatara ahanini mubikorwa no kuzigama ingufu zo gusimbuza;Kugeza ubu, politiki yo gutera inkunga peteroli mu Bushinwa ntabwo yagaragaye mu kuzamura amatara yo kuroba LED.
Duhereye ku mibare yubushakashatsi bwakozwe na kaminuza ya Tayiwani Chenggong, urashobora kubona ko igipimo cy’itara ry’amafi n’ikoreshwa rya lisansi ari ibi bikurikira:
Isesengura ry’ibikomoka ku bicanwa by’uburobyi: ingufu z’ubwato zo mu nyanja 24%, amatara yo kuroba n’ibikoresho byo kuroba 66%, ibikoresho byo gukonjesha 8%, ibindi 2%.
Isesengura rya lisansi yubwato bwuburobyi: ingufu zubwato bwo hanze 19%, amatara yuburobyi nibikoresho byo kuroba 78%, ibindi 3%.
Isesengura rya lisansi yisesengura ryicyuma cyizuba / ubwato bwuburobyi: ingufu zubwato bwo mumazi 45%, amatara yuburobyi nibikoresho byuburobyi 32%, ibikoresho byo gukonjesha 22%, ibindi 1%.
Dukurikije isesengura ry’imibare y’ibarurishamibare, kuri ubu, ibiciro bya lisansi y’amato y’uburobyi mu Bushinwa bingana na 50% ~ 60% y’amafaranga yo kuroba, usibye umushahara w’abakozi, gufata ubwato bw’uburobyi, kongeramo urubura, kongeramo amazi, indyo n’amafaranga atandukanye, n'ibindi. , amato menshi yo kuroba ntabwo yizeye inyungu zayo;LED itara ry’uburobyi rishingiye ku ntego yo kugabanya gukoresha ingufu z’uburobyi, biragoye kubyutsa ubushake bwo kugura, kuzigama ibicanwa ntabwo bishishikariye nyirubwato, kongera umusaruro ushishikajwe n’uburobyi bukenewe cyane bwo gusimburwa, no kuzigama ingufu ahanini bigaragaza icyerekezo cya politiki ya guverinoma.
Isuzuma ryamatara y’amafi LED yibanda ku kuzigama lisansi, hirengagijwe inyungu zongera umusaruro uzanwa nubwinshi bwumucyo nubwiza bwurumuri, aricyo kintu nyamukuru cyerekana ko gusimbuza itara ry amafi LED bigoye kwemerwa nisoko;Isoko ryamatara ya LED ni ukumenya niba abarobyi bashobora kongera umusaruro kandi bakabona uburyo bwiza bwo kuroba ninyungu nyuma yo gusimburwa, iyi nyungu izagabanya neza ikiguzi cyubuguzi bwaLED itara ryo mu mazi, n'ibishushanyo mbonera bititaye ku ngaruka zo kongera umusaruro biragoye kubona imbaraga zo kugura abarobyi.
Dukurikije imibare iriho haba mu gihugu ndetse no hanze yarwo, hashingiwe ku gutuma umusaruro wiyongera, kuzigama ingufu zikoreshwa mu kuroba ingufu z’uburobyi zigera kuri 45% ni ikimenyetso cyumvikana (amakuru abarwa n’ikigo cyiza cy’ubushakashatsi bukomeye).
Twizera ko igishushanyo mbonera cyibicuruzwa byamatara ya LED bigomba kubanza gusuzuma niba bishobora guteza imbere umusaruro ufatwa uhari, kuzamura uburobyi mugihe cy’uburobyi, ntibishobora gusa kugamije kuzigama ingufu, niba udashobora guhanga udushya mu musaruro kandi kuzigama ingufu, igipimo cyo kurandura ibigo mumyaka mike iri imbere kizaba kinini cyane.
5, LED amafi yumucyo urwego rwikoranabuhanga
Intego ya tekiniki yo gukusanya amatara y’amafi ni ukugera ku mafoto meza y’urumuri rw’amafi kugira ngo yongere ifatwa, ibyo bita Phototaxis, bivuga ibiranga inyamaswa kugira ngo imishwarara yumucyo itera icyerekezo.Icyerekezo cyerekeza kumasoko yumucyo cyitwa "posita nziza", naho icyerekezo kiva mumucyo cyitwa "Phototaxis negative".
Hano haribisubizo byibuze agaciro (imbago ntarengwa) yimyitwarire y amafi mugusubiza imirasire yumucyo y amafi yo mumazi afite imikorere yibikorwa, kandi igipimo cyibanze cyagaciro kigenwa nigihe cyo koga cyamafi kuva ahantu hijimye kugera ahantu heza.Nyamara, ubushakashatsi bwubu burimo gukoresha impuzandengo yijisho ryumuntu ryerekanwe neza, bizatanga ikibazo cyerekezo cyubushakashatsi buterwa nurumuri.
Byongeye kandi, bitewe ningamba zinyuranye zifatika zo gusubiza amoko atandukanye y’amafi, ufata urugero rwa illuminance nkurugero, ubushakashatsi buriho bwemeza ko agaciro gakomeye k ingirabuzimafatizo ya cone kumafi ari 1-0.01Lx, naho iy'ingirabuzimafatizo ni: 0.0001 -0 menya ko gupima agaciro ka illuminance mukibazo cyo gupima ibidukikije bito-nini cyane.
Dufate ko ishusho yerekana itara ryegeranya ryerekanwe kumashusho:
Ukurikije igipimo ntarengwa cy’amafi y’amaso ni 0.00001Lx, umubare uhwanye na kwantumucyo urashobora kubarwa ukoresheje XD yibintu byerekana, ni ukuvuga ingufu z'imirasire ya miliyari 1 fotone mu buso bwa micron kare 1.Uhereye ku gaciro ko guhindura, birashobora kugaragara ko mubyukuri hari ingufu za fotone zihagije zo gukangura ingirabuzimafatizo-ijisho ryinkingi kugirango bitange imbaraga.Mubyukuri, imbibi yiki gisubizo irashobora kuba hasi, kandi binyuze mumucyo wa kwantumucyo, turashobora gushiraho umubare wuzuye ugereranije nisesengura rya cytologiya.
Igice cyumucyo cyumucyo kirashobora gukoreshwa mugusesengura neza ingano yimirasire yumucyo, kandi mugihe kimwe ugahindura imyumvire yubu yubunini nintera yimirasire yumucyo mumazi yinyanja ukurikije agaciro kamurika, hanyuma ugashyiraho igisubizo kiboneka kumirasire yumucyo nijisho ryamafi kubijyanye nubushakashatsi bufatika bwo guhererekanya ingufu.
Igisubizo cyamafi kumirasire yumucyo gikeneye gutandukanya igisubizo kiboneka nigisubizo, kandi igisubizo cyerekanwa kibereye mukarere aho imirasire yumucyo isa.Kubera ko kugereranya kwantumucyo bidasaba icyerekezo cyihariye, biroroshye kwerekana no kubara iyinjira ryijisho ryamafi ryasobanuwe numurima wa kwantumucyo mumazi yinyanja.
Guhuza amafi n’umurima w’imirasire y’umucyo, kubera ko imirasire y’umucyo mu mazi yo mu nyanja isohoka mu buryo bworoshye, amafi yifotora azagenda mu rwego rwo guhuza imishwarara y’imirasire y’umucyo, buri cyiciro gisobanurwa n’umurima umwe w’umucyo uzaba ufite ibisobanuro, nyuma ya byose, agaciro kumurika ni icyerekezo.
Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko amafi menshi afite ibyiyumvo byuburebure bwumurongo utandukanye, kandi itandukaniro ryibisubizo byerekanwa hagati y amafi amwe akiri mato n’amafi akuze ntabwo ari menshi, ariko amafi menshi afite ibibazo byo kumenya uburebure (bisa nubuhumyi bwamabara yabantu).Urebye uburyo bwo gusubiza ibintu byerekana ingirabuzimafatizo, uburyo bwo hejuru bwerekana ubwoko bubiri bwimirasire yumucyo wa monochromatique burenze ingaruka ziterwa nuburebure bumwe.
Igisubizo cy’amafi yo mu nyanja ku burebure bw’imirasire y’umucyo ni 460-560nm, kikaba kiri hejuru y’amafi y’amazi meza, kandi amaso y’amafi ku burebure bw’umuraba afitanye isano n’ibidukikije byabayeho biturutse ku bwihindurize.Urebye imirasire yimirasire, umurongo wikurikiranya wurwego rufite intera ndende yimirasire mumazi yinyanja, kandi nubundi burebure bwumuraba wamafi yitabira.Uburyo bwumvikana gusobanura kubuhanga bwa tekinoroji.
Kubijyanye nimirasire yumucyo wibidukikije, Phototaxis y amafi iragabanuka, birakenewe rero kongera ubwinshi bwurumuri rwumucyo cyangwa guhindura intera yumuraba kugirango wongere inductance.Iki kintu gihuye nuburyo bugaragara bwerekana ko uburebure bwumucyo bubiri bwumucyo buruta uburebure bumwe, kandi bushobora gukoreshwa mugusobanura ibyabaye ko ari ngombwa gushimangira urumuri rwakusanyirijwe hamwe n’amafi munsi yizuba.Ubu bushakashatsi buracyari icyiciro cya tekinoroji yuburebure bwumurongo wumurongo.
Ikoranabuhanga rya fi-itara rya sprosroscopi rigomba guhuza optique ya geometrike hamwe nuburyo bwo gukwirakwiza fotone ikwirakwiza mubitangazamakuru bitandukanye.Duhereye ku isesengura ryubushakashatsi, birashobora kugaragara ko imvugo yanyuma nuburyo bwo kwerekana ibintu hamwe nuburebure bwumuraba, bidafite aho bihuriye nibimurika.
Mubyongeyeho, kubitsinda rya UVR, imvugo yuruhererekane rwumuraba ntishobora gusobanurwa kubera ibipimo byo kumurika, nkurugero rwa zeru rumurika, ariko ibisobanuro bihuye birashobora kuboneka mubuhanga bwo kwerekana.
Ni ngombwa cyane kwiga Phototaxis y amafi nigice gikwiye cyo gupima imirasire yumucyo kumatara yuburobyi.
Intego yubuhanga bwa spécran ni ubushakashatsi bwingaruka zifatika zijisho ryamafi nigisubizo kiboneka kuburebure bwumuraba, ubu bushakashatsi bujyanye nigisubizo giteganijwe hamwe nigisubizo kidateganijwe, nta bushakashatsi bwibanze, ibigo ntibishobora gutanga umusaruro mwiza imikorere y'itara rya LED.
6, ukeneye kureba imirasire yumucyo iturutse mumaso y amafi
Lens y'ijisho ry'umuntu ni lens ya convex, naho lens y'ijisho ry'amafi ni lensike.Lens ya serefegitura irashobora kongera ubwinshi bwa fotone yatewe mumaso y amafi, kandi umurima wo kureba ijisho ryamafi ni nka dogere 15 kurenza iyijisho ryumuntu.Kubera ko lensike ya serefike idashobora guhinduka, amafi ntashobora kubona ibintu bya kure, bihuye nigikorwa cyo gufotora.
Hariho itandukaniro riri hagati yikigereranyo cyavuzwe haruguru nu mucyo wo mu mazi, utera imyitwarire yo gusubiza amoko atandukanye y’amafi, ibyo bikaba ari ibisubizo by’ijisho ry’amafi kuri spekiteri.
Igihe cyo kwegeranya nigihe cyo gutura cyamafi atandukanye mukarere k’imirasire yumucyo kiratandukanye, kandi uburyo bwo kugenda mukarere k’imirasire yumucyo nabwo buratandukanye, nicyo gisubizo cyimyitwarire y amafi kumirasire yumucyo.
Amafi afite igisubizo kiboneka kuri UVR, ntabwo yizwe neza.
Amafi ntabwo yitabira imirasire yumucyo gusa, ahubwo yunvikana kumajwi, impumuro, imirima ya magneti, ubushyuhe, umunyu nubushyuhe, ikirere, ibihe, agace kinyanja, amanywa nijoro, nibindi, ni ukuvuga, nubwo amafi-itara ryerekana amafi arikintu nyamukuru .Nyamara, igisubizo cyamafi kumirasire yikigereranyo ntabwo ari ikintu kimwe cya tekiniki, bityo rero birakenewe ko dusuzuma byimazeyo ubushakashatsi bwikoranabuhanga ryamatara y amafi.
7. Ibyifuzo
LED itara ryamafi ritanga ihitamo ryumucyo wamafi ushobora guhindurwa no gukwirakwiza urumuri rwumvikana, rutanga ubumenyi bwimbitse bwubushakashatsi bwa tekiniki, tekinoroji y’amafi ya LED igena ibiranga umusaruro wiyongera no kuzigama ingufu, akaba aribwo isoko ryigihe kizaza ryibintu.
Mu bihe biri imbere, umubare w’amato y’uburobyi hamwe n’uburobyi bwose ni ukugabanya politiki, byerekana ko inganda zikora amatara ya LED zidashobora kuba nyinshi, itara ry’uburobyi nigikoresho cyo kuroba, ingaruka zikoreshwa ryiki gikoresho ifitanye isano n’inyungu z’ubukungu bw’abarobyi, izi nyungu zigomba kugira uruhare mu gufata neza imishinga, no gukumira hamwe kwinjiza ibicuruzwa bidahwitse, ari nacyo cyita cyane ku nganda z’amatara y’uburobyi.
Njye mbona, igihe isoko ryamatara y amafi ya LED ryatangiye gutera imbere buhoro buhoro, inganda zikeneye kubaka umuryango w’ubumwe bw’igihugu, gushyiraho uburyo bwo gutanga inguzanyo ku isoko, gahunda y’inguzanyo igaragarira mu bipimo bya tekiniki y’ibicuruzwa no kubaka amahame y’inganda, bityo kwirinda ibicuruzwa bidahwitse byangiza inguzanyo yisoko no gukomeza inyungu zishoramari ryisoko, ntamahame yinganda adashoboka gutera imbere mubuzima bwiza.Cyane cyane ibikoresho nkibicuruzwa byambukiranya imipaka.
Intsinzi nini mugihe cyamakuru ni ugusangira, ishingiro ryirushanwa ni irushanwa ryikoranabuhanga, binyuze mugushiraho ubumwe bwigihugu kugirango dufatanye guhangana namarushanwa yo mumbere mu gihugu no mumahanga.
Binyuze mu ishyirwaho ryateguwe ryubushakashatsi butambitse hamwe nuburyo bwubushakashatsi, gusangira ikoranabuhanga nubutunzi, no kwemeza inguzanyo yinganda nabantu kugiti cyabo kugirango biteze imbere uburobyi.
Iki cyifuzo gisaba uruhare rwibigo byinshi, urashobora gutanga ibyifuzo nibisabwa kugirango umurimo wubutumwa bwiyi ngingo, uganire hamwe, ukomeze inyungu za buri wese, kandi ushireho urufatiro rwiza rwo guteza imbere itara ry’uburobyi CYANGWAballast yo gucana itarainganda zikora inganda.
(Inyandiko yuzuye)
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-19-2023