Masana kimiyya da gaske ba su san abin da kifaye ke gani ba, ma’ana, wane hoto ne ke kai wa kwakwalwarsu.Yawancin bincike kan hangen kifin ana yin su ne ta hanyar gwajin jiki ko na sinadarai na sassan ido daban-daban, ko kuma ta hanyar tantance yadda kifin da ke cikin dakin binciken ke amsa hotuna ko kara kuzari.Ta hanyar ba da shawarar cewa nau'ikan nau'ikan daban-daban na iya samun damar gani daban-daban kuma sakamakon binciken ƙila ba zai wakilci abin da ke faruwa a duniyar gaske a cikin tekuna, tafkuna, ko koguna ba, ba kimiyya ba ne don yin daidaici kuma tabbatacce game da iyawar gani na kifi.
Nazarin jiki na ido da ido ya nuna cewa yawancin mutane na iya samun hotuna da aka mayar da hankali sosai, gano motsi, kuma suna da kyakkyawar damar gano bambanci.Kuma akwai wadatattun gwaje-gwaje da ke nuna cewa ana buƙatar ƙaramin matakin haske kafin kifi ya iya gane launi.Tare da ƙarin bincike, kifaye daban-daban suna da fifiko ga wasu launuka.
Yawancin kifi suna da isasshen hangen nesa, amma sauti da kamshi suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samun bayanai game da abinci ko mafarauta.Kifi yakan yi amfani da jinsu ko kamshinsu don fara gane abin da suke ganima ko mafarauta, sannan su yi amfani da ganinsu a wani hari na ƙarshe ko tserewa.Wasu kifi na iya ganin abubuwa a matsakaiciyar tazara.Kifi irin su tuna suna da idanu sosai;Amma a karkashin yanayi na al'ada.Kifi ba gaskiya bane, kodayake sharks suna da kyawawan gani.
Kamar dai yadda masunta ke neman yanayin da zai inganta damar kama kifi, hakama kifayen suna neman wuraren da damar kama abinci ya fi dacewa.Yawancin kifayen nama suna neman ruwa mai wadatar abinci, kamar kifi, kwari, ko jatan lande.Hakanan, waɗannan ƙananan kifaye, kwari, da jatantanwa suna taruwa inda abinci ya fi maida hankali.
Nazarin kimiyya ya nuna cewa duk membobin wannan sarkar abinci suna kula da launin shudi da kore.Wannan na iya faruwa saboda ruwa yana ɗaukar dogon zango (Mobley 1994; Hou, 2013).Launi na jikin ruwa an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar abun ciki na ciki, haɗe tare da bakan haske a cikin ruwa.Narkar da kwayoyin halitta masu launi a cikin ruwa da sauri za su sami haske mai launin shuɗi, sannan su juya kore, sa'an nan kuma rawaya (rabewa da yawa zuwa tsayin tsayi), ta haka yana ba ruwan launin tan.Ka tuna cewa hasken taga a cikin ruwa yana da kunkuntar kuma jan haske yana ɗaukar sauri
Kifi da wasu membobin sarkar abincinsu suna da masu karɓar launi a idanunsu, an inganta su don hasken “sararin samaniya” nasu.Idanun da ke iya ganin launi ɗaya na sarari suna iya gano canje-canje a cikin ƙarfin haske.Wannan ya dace da duniyar inuwa na baki, fari da launin toka.A wannan matakin mafi sauƙi na sarrafa bayanan gani, dabba na iya gane cewa wani abu ya bambanta a sararin samaniya, cewa akwai abinci ko mafarauta a wurin.Yawancin dabbobin da ke rayuwa a cikin duniyar da aka haskaka suna da ƙarin albarkatun gani: hangen nesa.Ta hanyar ma'anar, wannan yana buƙatar su sami masu karɓan launi waɗanda ke ƙunshe da aƙalla launuka biyu na gani daban-daban.Don yin wannan aikin yadda ya kamata a cikin ruwa mai haske, dabbobin ruwa za su sami alamun gani da ke da alaƙa da launi na "sarari" na baya da kuma ɗaya ko fiye da launuka na gani waɗanda suka bambanta daga wannan yanki mai launin shudi-kore, kamar a cikin ja ko yankin ultraviolet. na bakan.Wannan yana ba wa waɗannan dabbobi tabbataccen fa'idar rayuwa, saboda suna iya gano ba kawai canje-canje a cikin ƙarfin haske ba, har ma da bambancin launi.
Misali, yawancin kifaye suna da masu karɓar launi guda biyu, ɗaya a cikin yankin shuɗi na bakan (425-490nm) ɗayan kuma a kusa da ultraviolet (320-380nm).Kwari da jatantanwa, membobin sarkar abinci na kifi, suna da shuɗi, kore (530 nm) da masu karɓa na kusa-ultraviolet.Hasali ma, wasu dabbobin dake cikin ruwa suna da nau’ukan alatun gani iri-iri kamar goma a idanunsu.Sabanin haka, mutane suna da matsakaicin hankali a cikin shuɗi (442nm), kore (543nm) da rawaya (570nm).
Mun dade da sanin cewa hasken da daddare yana jan hankalin kifi, jatan lande da kwari.Amma menene mafi kyawun launi don haske don jawo hankalin kifi?Dangane da ilimin halitta na masu karɓar gani da aka ambata a sama, haske ya zama shuɗi ko kore.Don haka muka ƙara shuɗi zuwa farin hasken fitilun kamun kifi.Misali,Fitilar kamun kifi 4000wYanayin zafin launi 5000K, wannan fitilar kamun kifi tana amfani da kwaya mai ɗauke da sinadiran shuɗi.Maimakon tsantsar farin da idon ɗan adam ya gane, injiniyoyi sun ƙara abubuwa masu launin shuɗi domin su sami damar shiga hasken cikin ruwan tekun, ta yadda za a sami sakamako mai kyau na jawo kifi.Duk da haka, yayin da haske mai launin shuɗi ko kore yana da kyawawa, ba lallai ba ne.Ko da yake idanun kifaye ko membobin sarkar abincinsu suna da masu karɓar launi waɗanda suka fi kula da shuɗi ko kore, waɗannan masu karɓa ɗaya ba sa kula da sauran launuka cikin sauri.Don haka, idan tushen haske ɗaya yana da ƙarfi sosai, sauran launuka kuma za su jawo hankalin kifi.Don haka barimasana'antar samar da fitilar kamun kifi, an saita alkiblar bincike da ci gaba a cikin hasken kamun kifi mafi ƙarfi.Misali, halin yanzu10000W fitilar kamun kifi koren ruwa, 15000W karkashin ruwa kore haske kamun kifi da sauransu.
Lokacin aikawa: Nov-02-2023