ʻAʻole ʻike maoli ka poʻe ʻepekema i ka iʻa e ʻike ai, ʻo ia hoʻi, he aha nā kiʻi i hiki i ko lākou lolo.Hana ʻia ka hapa nui o ka noiʻi ʻana i ka ʻike iʻa ma o nā hoʻokolohua kino a i ʻole kemika o nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka maka, a i ʻole ma ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka pane ʻana o ka iʻa i loko o ka lab i nā kiʻi a i ʻole nā mea hoʻoulu.Ma ka manaʻo ʻana he ʻokoʻa nā hiʻohiʻona ʻike like ʻole o nā ʻano like ʻole a ʻaʻole hōʻike nā hopena lab i ka mea e hana nei i ka honua maoli i nā moana, nā loko, a i ʻole nā muliwai, ʻaʻole ʻepekema ka hana ʻana i nā manaʻo kūlike loa e pili ana i ka hiki ke ʻike i nā iʻa.
Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina kino o ka maka a me ka retina e hiki i ka hapa nui o nā kānaka ke kiʻi i nā kiʻi i kālele pono ʻia, ʻike i ka neʻe ʻana, a loaʻa i nā mana ʻike ʻokoʻa maikaʻi.A he nui nā hoʻokolohua e hōʻike ana e koi ʻia kahi pae liʻiliʻi o ka mālamalama ma mua o ka ʻike ʻana o ka iʻa i ke kala.Me ka noiʻi hou aku, makemake nā iʻa ʻokoʻa i kekahi mau kala.
Loaʻa ka ʻike o ka hapa nui o nā iʻa, akā ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi o ke kani a me ka ʻala i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻike e pili ana i ka meaʻai a i ʻole nā mea ʻaihue.Hoʻohana maʻamau ka iʻa i ko lākou lohe a honi paha e ʻike mua i kā lākou pio a i ʻole nā mea ʻaihue, a laila hoʻohana i ko lākou mau maka i ka hoʻouka ʻana a i ʻole ka pakele.Hiki i kekahi mau iʻa ke ʻike i nā mea ma kahi mamao.ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻike maka o nā iʻa e like me ka tuna;Akā ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau.He myopic ka iʻa, ʻoiai he maikaʻi nā maka o ka manō.
E like me ka ʻimi ʻana o ka poʻe lawaiʻa i nā kūlana e ʻimi ai i ka manawa kūpono e hopu ai i ka iʻa, ʻimi pū ka iʻa i nā wahi i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai.ʻImi ka nui o nā iʻa pāʻani i nā wai momona i ka meaʻai, e like me ka iʻa, nā inike, a me ka ʻōpae.Eia kekahi, ʻo kēia mau iʻa liʻiliʻi, nā ʻupena, a me nā ʻōpae e hōʻiliʻili i kahi o ka meaʻai.
Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina ʻepekema ʻo nā lālā a pau o kēia kaulahao meaʻai e maʻalahi i ka uliuli a me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo.Hiki paha kēia ma muli o ka ʻai ʻana o ka wai i nā nalu lōʻihi (Mobley 1994; Hou, 2013).Hoʻoholo nui ʻia ke kala o ke kino wai e ka haku ʻana o loko, i hui pū ʻia me ka spectrum absorption o ka mālamalama i loko o ka wai.E hoʻomoʻa koke nā mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka wai i ke kukui polū, a laila huli i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo, a laila melemele (decayly exponentially i ka lōʻihi nalu), no laila e hāʻawi i ka wai i ke kala ʻeleʻele.E hoʻomanaʻo i ka puka aniani i loko o ka wai he haiki loa a komo koke ke kukui ʻulaʻula
Loaʻa i nā iʻa a me kekahi mau lālā o kā lākou kaulahao meaʻai nā ʻāpana kala i ko lākou mau maka, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia no ka mālamalama o ko lākou "wahi."Hiki i nā maka ke ʻike i hoʻokahi kala spatial ke ʻike i nā loli i ka ikaika māmā.Pili kēia me ka honua o nā aka o ka ʻeleʻele, keʻokeʻo a me ka hina.Ma kēia pae maʻalahi o ka hoʻoponopono ʻike ʻike maka, hiki i kahi holoholona ke ʻike he ʻokoʻa kekahi mea ma kona ākea, aia ka meaʻai a i ʻole ka mea ʻaihue ma laila.ʻO ka hapa nui o nā holoholona e noho ana i ka honua mālamalama he kumu ʻike hou aʻe: ʻike kala.Ma ka wehewehe ʻana, pono kēia iā lākou e loaʻa nā ʻāpana kala i loaʻa i ʻelua mau puaʻa ʻike ʻokoʻa.No ka hoʻokō pono ʻana i kēia hana i loko o ka wai i hoʻomālamalama ʻia, e loaʻa i nā holoholona aquatic nā puaʻa ʻike e pili ana i ka waihoʻoluʻu "space" hope a me hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku nā kala ʻike e haʻalele i kēia ʻāpana uliuli-'ōmaʻomaʻo, e like me ka ʻāpana ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ultraviolet. o ka spectrum.Hāʻawi kēia i kēia mau holoholona i kahi pōmaikaʻi ola maoli, no ka mea hiki iā lākou ke ʻike ʻaʻole wale i nā loli i ka ikaika māmā, akā i ka ʻokoʻa o ke kala.
No ka laʻana, he ʻelua mau ʻanuʻu kala ka nui o nā iʻa, hoʻokahi ma ka ʻāpana polū o ka spectrum (425-490nm) a ʻo kekahi i ka ultraviolet kokoke (320-380nm).He uliuli, ʻōmaʻomaʻo (530 nm) a me nā mea hoʻokipa ultraviolet nā ʻōpala a me nā ʻōpae, nā lālā o ke kaulahao meaʻai iʻa.ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, aia kekahi mau holoholona wai i ka ʻumi o nā ʻano puaʻa ʻike maka i ko lākou mau maka.ʻO ka ʻokoʻa, loaʻa i ke kanaka ka naʻau nui loa i ka uliuli (442nm), ʻōmaʻomaʻo (543nm) a me ka melemele (570nm).
Ua ʻike mākou no ka manawa lōʻihi e hoʻowalewale ka mālamalama i ka pō i ka iʻa, ka ʻōpae a me nā inike.Akā he aha ke kala maikaʻi loa no ka māmā e huki ai i ka iʻa?Ma muli o ka biology o nā mea ʻike maka i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, pono ke kukui a uliuli paha.No laila ua hoʻohui mākou i ka uliuli i ke kukui keʻokeʻo o nā kukui lawaiʻa o ka waʻa.ʻo kahi laʻana,4000w kukui lawaiʻa waiHe 5000K ka wela o ka waihoʻoluʻu, hoʻohana kēia kukui lawaiʻa i kahi pila me nā mea ʻulaʻula.Ma mua o ke keʻokeʻo maʻemaʻe i ʻike ʻia e ka maka kanaka, ua hoʻohui nā mea ʻenekinia i nā mea uliuli i mea e komo maikaʻi ai i ka mālamalama i loko o ka wai kai, i mea e loaʻa ai ka hopena maikaʻi o ka huki ʻana i nā iʻa.Eia naʻe, ʻoiai makemake ʻia ke kukui uliuli a ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha, ʻaʻole pono.ʻOiai ʻo nā maka o ka iʻa a i ʻole nā lālā o kā lākou kaulahao meaʻai he mau ʻāpana kala e maʻalahi loa i ka uliuli a i ʻole ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kēlā mau mea loaʻa i nā kala ʻē aʻe.No laila, inā lawa ka ikaika o kahi kumu kukui, e huki pū nā kala ʻē aʻe i ka iʻa.No laila e ʻae kahale hana kukui lawaiʻa, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka ʻimi noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke kukui lawaiʻa ikaika loa.ʻO kahi laʻana, ka manawa10000W kukui lawaiʻa ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma lalo o ka wai, 15000W ke kukui lawaiʻa ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma lalo o ka wai a pēlā aku.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Nov-02-2023