Abahanga mubyukuri ntibazi icyo amafi abona, muyandi magambo, amashusho agera mubwonko bwabo.Ubushakashatsi bwinshi ku iyerekwa ry’amafi bikorwa hifashishijwe ibizamini byumubiri cyangwa imiti yibice bitandukanye byijisho, cyangwa mukumenya uko amafi yo muri laboratoire yitabira amashusho cyangwa ibitera imbaraga.Mugutanga igitekerezo cyuko amoko atandukanye ashobora kuba afite ubushobozi butandukanye bwo kubona kandi ibisubizo bya laboratoire ntibishobora kwerekana ibibera kwisi kwisi mumyanyanja, ibiyaga, cyangwa inzuzi, ntabwo ari siyanse gufata imyanzuro ihamye kandi ihamye kubyerekeranye n'ubushobozi bwo kubona amafi.
Ubushakashatsi bwumubiri bwijisho na retina bwerekanye ko abantu benshi bashobora kubona amashusho yibanze, kumenya icyerekezo, kandi bafite ubushobozi bwo gutandukanya ibintu.Hariho ubushakashatsi buhagije bwerekana ko urumuri ruto rusabwa mbere yuko amafi amenya ibara.Hamwe nubushakashatsi bwinshi, amafi atandukanye akunda amabara amwe.
Amafi menshi afite icyerekezo gihagije, ariko amajwi numunuko bigira uruhare runini mukubona amakuru kubyerekeye ibiryo cyangwa inyamaswa zangiza.Ubusanzwe amafi akoresha imyumvire yo kumva cyangwa kunuka kugirango abanze yumve umuhigo cyangwa inyamanswa, hanyuma akoreshe amaso yabo mugitero cya nyuma cyangwa guhunga.Amafi amwe arashobora kubona ibintu mumwanya muto.Amafi nka tuna afite amaso meza cyane;Ariko mubihe bisanzwe.Amafi ni myopic, nubwo ibinyamanswa bifite amaso meza.
Nkuko abarobyi bashaka uburyo bwiza bwo gufata amafi, amafi nayo ashakisha aho amahirwe yo gufata ibiryo ari meza.Amafi menshi yimikino ashakisha amazi akungahaye ku biryo, nk'amafi, udukoko, cyangwa urusenda.Nanone, ayo mafi mato, udukoko, na shrimp bateranira aho ibiryo byibanda cyane.
Ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi bwerekanye ko abanyamuryango bose buruhererekane rwibiryo bumva amabara yubururu nicyatsi.Ibi birashobora kubaho kubera ko amazi akurura uburebure burebure (Mobley 1994; Hou, 2013).Ibara ryumubiri wamazi bigenwa ahanini nuburinganire bwimbere, bufatanije no kwinjiza urumuri rwamazi.Ibinyabuzima bishonga byamabara mumazi bizahita bikurura urumuri rwubururu, hanyuma bihinduke icyatsi, hanyuma umuhondo (kubora cyane kugeza uburebure bwumuraba), bityo biha amazi ibara ryijimye.Wibuke ko idirishya ryamatara mumazi ari rito cyane kandi itara ritukura ryinjira vuba
Amafi na bamwe mubagize urunigi rwibiryo bafite ibyakirwa byamaso mumaso yabo, bigashyirwa kumucyo wumwanya wabo.Amaso ashobora kubona ibara rimwe rishobora gutandukanya impinduka zumucyo.Ibi bihuye nisi yigicucu cyumukara, cyera nicyatsi.Kuri uru rwego rworoshye rwo gutunganya amakuru, inyamaswa irashobora kumenya ko ikintu gitandukanye mumwanya wacyo, ko hari ibiryo cyangwa inyamanswa.Inyamaswa nyinshi ziba mwisi zimurikirwa zifite ibikoresho byiyongera: iyerekwa ryamabara.Mubisobanuro, ibi birabasaba kugira amabara yakira byibuze byibuze bibiri bitandukanye biboneka.Kugirango ukore neza iki gikorwa mumazi amurikirwa n’umucyo, inyamaswa zo mu mazi zizaba zifite pigment igaragara yunvikana inyuma yibara "umwanya" hamwe nibara rimwe cyangwa byinshi biboneka bitandukana naka karere k'ubururu-icyatsi, nko mukarere gatukura cyangwa ultraviolet Bya i Ikirangantego.Ibi biha inyamanswa inyungu zifatika zo kubaho, kuko zishobora kumenya gusa impinduka zumucyo gusa, ariko kandi no gutandukanya ibara.
Kurugero, amafi menshi afite reseptor ebyiri, imwe mukarere k'ubururu bwa spekiteri (425-490nm) indi muri ultraviolet hafi (320-380nm).Udukoko na shrimp, abagize urunigi rwibiryo byamafi, bifite ubururu, icyatsi (530 nm) hamwe na reseptor ya ultraviolet.Mubyukuri, inyamaswa zimwe na zimwe zo mu mazi zifite ubwoko icumi butandukanye bwibintu biboneka mumaso yabo.Ibinyuranye, abantu bafite sensibilité nini mubururu (442nm), icyatsi (543nm) n'umuhondo (570nm).
Twari tuzi kuva kera ko urumuri nijoro rukurura amafi, urusenda n'udukoko.Ariko ni irihe bara ryiza ryumucyo gukurura amafi?Ukurikije ibinyabuzima byakirwa neza byavuzwe haruguru, urumuri rugomba kuba ubururu cyangwa icyatsi.Twongeyeho ubururu ku mucyo wera w'amatara yo kuroba.Kurugero,4000w itara ryo kuroba5000K ubushyuhe bwamabara, iri tara ryuburobyi rikoresha ibinini birimo ibintu byubururu.Aho kugira ngo cyera cyera kibonwa nijisho ryabantu, abashakashatsi bongeyeho ibice byubururu kugirango barusheho kwinjira mumucyo mumazi yinyanja, kugirango bagere ku ngaruka nziza yo gukurura amafi.Ariko, mugihe urumuri rwubururu cyangwa icyatsi rwifuzwa, ntabwo ari ngombwa.Nubwo amaso y amafi cyangwa abanyamuryango buruhererekane rwibiribwa bafite ibyakirwa byamabara byumva cyane ubururu cyangwa icyatsi, ibyo byakira ntibishobora kumva andi mabara vuba.Noneho, niba isoko imwe yumucyo ikomeye bihagije, andi mabara nayo azakurura amafi.Reka rerouruganda rutunganya uburobyi, ubushakashatsi niterambere byashyizwe mumucyo ukomeye wo kuroba.Kurugero, ikigezweho10000W itara ryicyatsi cyo kuroba, 15000W munsi yumucyo wicyatsi cyo kuroba nibindi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-02-2023