Izazinzulu ngokwenene aziyazi into ebonwa ziintlanzi, ngamanye amazwi, yeyiphi imifanekiso efikelela ebuchotsheni bazo.Uninzi lophando malunga nombono weentlanzi lwenziwa ngokuhlolwa komzimba okanye kweekhemikhali kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zamehlo, okanye ngokumisela indlela iintlanzi eziselebhu eziphendula ngayo kwimifanekiso eyahlukeneyo okanye i-stimuli.Ngokucebisa ukuba iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezilwanyana zinokuba nezakhono zokubonwa ezahlukileyo kwaye iziphumo zelebhu zisenokungameli okwenzekayo kwihlabathi lokwenyani elwandle, kumachibi, okanye emilanjeni, ayiyonzululwazi ukwenza izigqibo ezihambelanayo neziqinisekileyo malunga nesakhono sokubonwa kweentlanzi.
Uphononongo lomzimba weliso kunye ne-retina lubonise ukuba uninzi lwabantu lunokufumana imifanekiso egxile ngokucacileyo, ukubona intshukumo, kwaye babe nobuchule obuhle bokubona umahluko.Kwaye kukho imifuniselo eyaneleyo ebonisa ukuba ubuncinane bokukhanya kuyafuneka ngaphambi kokuba iintlanzi zikwazi ukubona umbala.Ngophando oluninzi, iintlanzi ezahlukeneyo zikhetha imibala ethile.
Uninzi lweentlanzi zinombono owaneleyo, kodwa isandi kunye nevumba zidlala indima ebaluleke ngakumbi ekufumaneni ulwazi malunga nokutya okanye izilwanyana.Iintlanzi zihlala zisebenzisa imvakalelo yazo yokuva okanye ivumba ukuze ziqale zibone amaxhoba azo okanye amarhamncwa, emva koko zisebenzise amehlo azo kuhlaselo lokugqibela okanye ukubaleka.Ezinye iintlanzi ziyakwazi ukubona izinto kumgama ophakathi.Iintlanzi ezinjengetyhuna zibona kakuhle;Kodwa phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo.Iintlanzi ziyi-myopic, nangona ookrebe bebona kakuhle.
Kanye njengokuba abalobi befuna iimeko ezandisa ithuba lokubambisa iintlanzi, iintlanzi zikwafuna iindawo apho ithuba lokubambisa ukutya lilelona lifanelekileyo.Uninzi lweentlanzi zeentlanzi zifuna amanzi atyebileyo ekutyeni, njengentlanzi, izinambuzane, okanye i-shrimp.Kwakhona, ezi ntlanzi zincinane, izinambuzane, neshrimps ziqokelelana apho ukutya kugxininiswe kakhulu.
Uphononongo lwezeNzululwazi lubonise ukuba onke amalungu ale khonkco lokutya anovelwano kumbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noluhlaza.Oku kunokwenzeka ngenxa yokuba amanzi athatha ubude bamaza amade (Mobley 1994; Hou, 2013).Umbala womzimba wamanzi unqunywe kakhulu ngokubunjwa kwendawo yangaphakathi, idibaniswe ne-spectrum yokufunxa ukukhanya emanzini.Umbala onyibilikisiweyo wezinto eziphilayo emanzini uya kukhawuleza ukufunxa ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, emva koko ujike ube luhlaza, emva koko utyheli (ubola ngokukhawuleza ukuya kubude be-wavelength), ngaloo ndlela unika amanzi umbala obomvu.Gcina ukhumbule ukuba ifestile yokukhanya emanzini incinci kakhulu kwaye ukukhanya okubomvu kufakwe ngokukhawuleza
Intlanzi kunye namanye amalungu ekhonkco lokutya anezamkeli zemibala emehlweni abo, alungiselelwe ukukhanya "kwindawo".Amehlo anokubona umbala omnye wesithuba anokubona utshintsho kukukhanya kokukhanya.Oku kuhambelana nehlabathi lemithunzi emnyama, emhlophe kunye negrey.Kweli nqanaba lilula lokwenziwa kolwazi olubonwayo, isilwanyana sinokubona ukuba kukho into eyahlukileyo kwindawo yaso, kukho ukutya okanye isilwanyana esizingelayo apho.Uninzi lwezilwanyana ezihlala kwihlabathi elikhanyayo zinomthombo ongezelelweyo wokubonwayo: umbono wombala.Ngokwenkcazo, oku kufuna ukuba babe ne-receptors yombala equkethe ubuncinane ii-pigments ezimbini ezihlukeneyo.Ukwenza lo msebenzi ngokufanelekileyo emanzini anokukhanya okukhanyayo, izilwanyana zasemanzini ziya kuba nebala elibonakalayo elinovakalelo kwimvelaphi "yendawo" umbala kunye nombala omnye okanye ngaphezulu obonakalayo ophambukayo kulo mmandla oluhlaza-luhlaza, njengakummandla obomvu okanye we-ultraviolet. yesspectrum.Oku kunika ezi zilwanyana inzuzo eqinisekileyo yokuphila, njengoko zingakwazi ukubona kuphela utshintsho ekukhanyeni kokukhanya, kodwa kunye nokungafani kombala.
Ngokomzekelo, iintlanzi ezininzi zinee-receptors ezimbini zombala, enye ikwindawo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ye-spectrum (425-490nm) kwaye enye ikufuphi ne-ultraviolet (320-380nm).Izinambuzane kunye ne-shrimp, amalungu ekhonkco lokutya kweentlanzi, ane-blue, eluhlaza (530 nm) kunye ne-receptors esondeleyo ye-ultraviolet.Enyanisweni, ezinye izilwanyana zasemanzini zineentlobo ezahlukeneyo zebala elibonakalayo emehlweni azo.Ngokwahlukileyo koko, abantu banovakalelo olukhulu kumbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (442nm), oluhlaza (543nm) kunye notyheli (570nm).
Kudala siyazi ukuba ukukhanya ebusuku kutsala iintlanzi, i-shrimp kunye nezinambuzane.Kodwa ngowuphi owona mbala ulungileyo wokukhanya ukutsala iintlanzi?Ngokusekelwe kwi-biology yee-receptors ezibonakalayo ezikhankanywe ngasentla, ukukhanya kufuneka kube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye eluhlaza.Ngoko songeza eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwisibane esimhlophe sezibane zokuloba zephenyane.Umzekelo,4000w isibane sokuloba amanziIqondo lokushisa lombala we-5000K, esi sibane sokuloba sisebenzisa ipilisi equlethe izithako eziluhlaza.Kunokuba umhlophe qwa obonwa liliso lomntu, iinjineli zongeza iinxalenye eziluhlaza ukuze zikwazi ukugqobhoza ukukhanya kumanzi olwandle, ukuze zibe nempembelelo entle yokutsala iintlanzi.Nangona kunjalo, ngelixa ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye okuluhlaza kunqweneleka, akuyimfuneko.Nangona amehlo eentlanzi okanye amalungu ekhonkco lokutya anee-receptors zemibala ezinomdla kakhulu kwi-blue okanye eluhlaza, ezo zamkeli ezifanayo ziba ngaphantsi kweminye imibala ngokukhawuleza.Ke, ukuba umthombo omnye wokukhanya womelele ngokwaneleyo, eminye imibala iya kutsala iintlanzi.Ngoko vumela iumzi-mveliso wokuvelisa izibane zokuloba, ulwalathiso lophando kunye nophuhliso lubekwe ekukhanyeni okunamandla ngakumbi.Ngokomzekelo, i-current10000W isibane sokuloba esiluhlaza ngaphantsi kwamanzi, 15000W phantsi kwamanzi ukukhanya kokuloba okuluhlaza njalo njalo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-02-2023