Ososayensi abazi ngempela ukuthi izinhlanzi zibonani, ngamanye amazwi, ukuthi yiziphi izithombe ezifika ebuchosheni bazo.Ucwaningo oluningi ngombono wezinhlanzi lwenziwa ngokuhlolwa ngokomzimba noma kwamakhemikhali ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zeso, noma ngokunquma ukuthi izinhlanzi eziselebhu zisabela kanjani ezithombeni ezihlukahlukene noma izisusa.Ngokuphakamisa ukuthi izinhlobo ezahlukene zezilwane zingase zibe namakhono ahlukene okubuka nokuthi imiphumela yelebhu ingase ingameli okwenzeka emhlabeni wangempela olwandle, emachibini, noma emifuleni, akuyona isayensi ukwenza iziphetho ezingaguquki neziqinisekile mayelana namakhono okubuka ezinhlanzi.
Ucwaningo oluphathekayo lweso ne-retina lubonise ukuthi abantu abaningi bangathola izithombe ezigxile ngokucacile, babone ukunyakaza, futhi babe nekhono elihle lokubona umehluko.Futhi kukhona ukuhlola okwanele okubonisa ukuthi kudingeka izinga elincane lokukhanya ngaphambi kokuba izinhlanzi zikwazi ukubona umbala.Ngokucwaninga okwengeziwe, izinhlanzi ezihlukene zikhetha imibala ethile.
Izinhlanzi eziningi zikwazi ukubona ngokwanele, kodwa umsindo nephunga lidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekutholeni ulwazi mayelana nokudla noma izilwane ezidla ezinye.Izinhlanzi ngokuvamile zisebenzisa inzwa yazo yokuzwa noma yokuhogela ukuze zizwe inyamazane yazo noma izilwane ezizidlayo, bese zisebenzisa amehlo azo ekuhlaseleni okokugcina noma ekubalekeni.Ezinye izinhlanzi ziyakwazi ukubona izinto ezikude.Izinhlanzi ezinjenge-tuna zikwazi ukubona kahle;Kodwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile.Izinhlanzi ziyi-myopic, nakuba oshaka bebona kahle.
Njengoba nje abadobi befuna izimo ezandisa ithuba lokubamba izinhlanzi, izinhlanzi nazo zifuna izindawo lapho ithuba lokubamba ukudla lingcono kakhulu.Izinhlanzi eziningi zezilwane ezifuywayo zifuna amanzi anothile ngokudla, njengezinhlanzi, izinambuzane, noma izimfanzi.Futhi, lezi zinhlanzi ezincane, izinambuzane, nezimfanzi zibuthana lapho ukudla kugcwele khona kakhulu.
Ucwaningo lwesayensi lubonise ukuthi wonke amalungu alolu chungechunge lokudla azwela imibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuluhlaza.Lokhu kungenzeka ngoba amanzi amunca amaza amade (Mobley 1994; Hou, 2013).Umbala womzimba wamanzi unqunywa kakhulu ukwakheka kwendawo yangaphakathi, kuhlanganiswe ne-spectrum yokumuncwa kokukhanya emanzini.Izinto eziphilayo ezincibilikisiwe ezinombala emanzini zizomunca ngokushesha ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, bese ziphenduka zibe luhlaza, bese zibephuzi (zibola ngokuphakama zibe ubude begagasi), ngaleyo ndlela kunikeza amanzi umbala obomvu.Khumbula ukuthi iwindi lokukhanya emanzini lincane kakhulu futhi ukukhanya okubomvu kudonsa ngokushesha
Izinhlanzi namanye amalungu ochungechunge lwazo lokudla anezamukeli zemibala emehlweni azo, alungiselelwe ukukhanya “kwesikhala” sazo.Amehlo angakwazi ukubona umbala owodwa wendawo angathola izinguquko ekukhanyeni kokukhanya.Lokhu kuhambisana nezwe lemithunzi emnyama, emhlophe nempunga.Kuleli zinga elilula lokucutshungulwa kolwazi olubonakalayo, isilwane singabona ukuthi kukhona okuhlukile endaweni yaso, ukuthi kukhona ukudla noma umhlaseli lapho.Izilwane eziningi ezihlala emhlabeni okhanyisiwe zinenye insiza ebonakalayo: ukubona ngombala.Ngokwencazelo, lokhu kudinga ukuthi babe nama-receptors ombala aqukethe okungenani izingulube ezimbili ezihlukene ezibonakalayo.Ukuze zenze lo msebenzi ngokuphumelelayo emanzini anokukhanya okukhanyayo, izilwane zasemanzini zizoba ne-pigment ebonakalayo ebucayi kumbala “wesikhala” ongemuva kanye nombala owodwa noma eminingi ebonakalayo echezuka kule ndawo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuluhlaza, njengasesifundeni esibomvu noma esine-ultraviolet. kwe-spectrum.Lokhu kunikeza lezi zilwane inzuzo eqinisekile yokusinda, njengoba zingakwazi ukubona kuphela izinguquko ekukhanyeni kokukhanya, kodwa futhi nokuhlukana kombala.
Isibonelo, izinhlanzi eziningi zinama-receptors ombala amabili, eyodwa isendaweni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ye-spectrum (425-490nm) kanti enye iseduze ne-ultraviolet (320-380nm).Izinambuzane nezimfanzi, amalungu ochungechunge lokudla kwezinhlanzi, anombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oluhlaza (530 nm) kanye nama-receptors aseduze ne-ultraviolet.Eqinisweni, ezinye izilwane zasemanzini zinezinhlobo ezifika kweziyishumi zezimibalabala ezibonwayo emehlweni azo.Ngokuphambene, abantu banokuzwela okuphezulu kokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (442nm), okuluhlaza okotshani (543nm) nokuphuzi (570nm).
Sekuyisikhathi eside sazi ukuthi ukukhanya ebusuku kuheha izinhlanzi, izimfanzi kanye nezinambuzane.Kodwa yimuphi umbala ongcono kakhulu wokukhanya ukuze uhehe izinhlanzi?Ngokusekelwe ku-biology yama-receptors abukwayo okukhulunywe ngenhla, ukukhanya kufanele kube okwesibhakabhaka noma okuluhlaza.Ngakho senezela okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ekukhanyeni okumhlophe kwezibani zokudoba zesikebhe.Ngokwesibonelo,Isibani sokudoba samanzi esingu-4000wIzinga lokushisa lombala elingu-5000K, lesi sibani sokudoba sisebenzisa iphilisi eliqukethe izithako eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.Kunokuba kube nomhlophe omsulwa obonwa iso lomuntu, onjiniyela banezela izingxenye eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ukuze bangene kangcono ekukhanyeni emanzini olwandle, ukuze bathole umphumela ongcono wokuheha izinhlanzi.Nokho, nakuba ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma okuluhlaza kuyinto efiselekayo, akudingekile.Ngisho noma amehlo ezinhlanzi noma amalungu ochungechunge lwazo lokudla enama-receptors ombala azwela kakhulu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma eluhlaza, lawo ma-receptors afanayo awazwela kakhulu eminye imibala ngokushesha okukhulu.Ngakho-ke, uma umthombo owodwa wokukhanya unamandla ngokwanele, eminye imibala izoheha nezinhlanzi.Ngakho vumelaimboni yokukhiqiza izibani zokudoba, isiqondiso socwaningo nentuthuko sibekwe ekukhanyeni okunamandla kakhulu kokudoba.Isibonelo, i-current10000W isibani sokudoba esiluhlaza ngaphansi kwamanzi, 15000W ukukhanya kokudoba okuluhlaza ngaphansi kwamanzi nokunye.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-02-2023